![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Universal Bibliographic Control and International MARC Core ProgrammeUNIMARC: An IntroductionUnderstanding the UNIMARC format1. What is MARC ?MARC is an acronym for Machine Readable Catalogue or Cataloguing. This general description, however, is rather misleading as MARC is neither a kind of catalogue nor a method of cataloguing. In fact, MARC is a short and convenient term for assigning labels to each part of a catalogue record so that it can be handled by computers. While the MARC format was primarily designed to serve the needs of libraries, the concept has since been embraced by the wider information community as a convenient way of storing and exchanging bibliographic data.The original MARC format was developed at the Library of Congress in 1965-6 leading to a pilot project, known as MARC I, which had the aim of investigating the feasibility of producing catalogue data in machine-readable form. Similar work was in progress in the United Kingdom where the Council of the British National Bibliography had set up the BNB MARC Project with the remit of examining the use of machine-readable data in producing the printed British National Bibliography (BNB). These parallel developments led to Anglo-American cooperation on the MARC II project which was initiated in 1968. MARC II was to prove instrumental in defining the concept of MARC as a communication format. MARC II established certain principles which have been followed consistently over the years. In general terms, the MARC communication format is intended to be:
Despite cooperation there emerged several versions, e.g. UKMARC, INTERMARC and USMARC, whose paths diverged owing to different national cataloguing practices and requirements. Since the early 1970s an extended family of more than 20 MARC formats has grown up. Differences in data content means that editing is required before records can be exchanged. One solution to the problem of incompatibility was to create an international MARC format (UNIMARC) which would accept records created in any MARC format. So records in one MARC format could be converted into UNIMARC and then be converted into another MARC format. The intention was that each national agency would need to write only two programs - one to convert into UNIMARC and one to convert from UNIMARC - instead of one program for each other MARC format, e.g. INTERMARC to UKMARC, USMARC to UKMARC etc. So in 1977 the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutes (IFLA) published UNIMARC : Universal MARC format, stating that "The primary purpose of UNIMARC is to facilitate the international exchange of data in machine-readable form between national bibliographic agencies". This was followed by a second edition in 1980 and a UNIMARC Handbook in 1983. All focussed primarily on the cataloguing of monographs and serials and took advantage of international progress towards the standardisation of bibliographic information reflected in the International Standard Bibliographic Descriptions (ISBDs). In the mid-1980s it was seen necessary to expand UNIMARC to cover documents other than monographs and serials. So a new description of the format - the UNIMARC Manual - was produced in 1987. By this time UNIMARC had been adopted by several bibliographic agencies as their in-house format. So the statement of purpose was amended to include "UNIMARC may also be used as a model for the development of new machine-readable bibliographic formats". Developments did not stop there. Increasingly a new kind of format - an authorities format - was used. Previously agencies had entered an author's name into the bibliographic format as many times as there were documents associated with him or her. With the new system they created a single authoritative form of the name (with references) in the authorities file; the record control number for this name was the only item included in the bibliographic file. The user would still see the name in the bibliographic record, however, as the computer could import it from the authorities file at a convenient time. So in 1991 UNIMARC/Authorities was published. By that year users of UNIMARC realised that the occasional rewriting of manuals was not enough. What was needed was continuous maintenance. The Permanent UNIMARC Committee came into being that year, charged with regularly supervising the development of the format. In maintaining the format, care is taken to make changes upwardly compatible, i.e. no records created before a change would be invalid after it. The latest development in the format has come about because of the requirement of European Community countries to produce unified specialised catalogues of their records. In order to produce such unified catalogues they had to adopt a common format for them - UNIMARC. 2. The UNIMARC formatThe UNIMARC format, like any other version of MARC, involves three elements of the bibliographic record:
Record structureThe record structure is designed to control the representation of data by storing it in the form of strings of characters known as fields. All data in the record must be stored using one or more character sets. Since computers can store and manipulate only numbers, each symbol, alphabetical character etc. is assigned a number following the rules of a particular character set. For example, one character set assigns the number '75' to 'K'. UNIMARC allows the use of certain character sets, approved by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The record structure established by UNIMARC is an implementation of the relevant standard: Format for bibliographic information interchange on magnetic tape (ISO 2709-1981). This structure utilises record labels and directories. As few users need concern themselves with such items, the description below covers the way a cataloguer sees the record. Content designationCertain conventions are followed in order to identify the data elements within records. Such elements which include author, title and subject access are further characterised where necessary. This supports the manipulation of the data for a variety of purposes:
For an example of such manipulation, see the "Displaying citations" section later in this document. In addition, UNIMARC records may be formatted for visual display on a VDU, for output on CD-ROM or fiche and for printing out as hard copy. In general, UNIMARC provides content designation only for data which is applicable to all copies of a work. However, information which applies only to some copies (or even a single copy) of a work may be of interest beyond the holding institution. In such cases UNIMARC assigns specific fields for such details. These fields are also available for cases where the information is for in-house purposes only. Data contentThe content is the data which is stored in the fields within the record. Data can be coded data or bibliographic data.
3. The role of UNIMARCInitially, UNIMARC was used for the exchange of records on magnetic tape but has since been adapted for use in a variety of exchange and processing environments.The UNIMARC format is available to all agencies concerned with the exchange of bibliographic information. In practice, though, UNIMARC is orientated towards the requirements of libraries. The fields, which are identified by three-character numeric tags, are arranged in functional blocks. These blocks organise the data according to its function in a traditional catalogue record. In the table below, fields 0-- - 1-- hold the coded data while fields 2-- - 8-- contain the bibliographic data:
In addition to the 9-- block any other tag containing a 9 is available for local implementation. The fields defined by UNIMARC provide for different kinds and levels of information. This can be shown by looking at a typical record in the UNIMARC format. 4. Anatomy of a UNIMARC recordExample: Alain-Fournier's novel "Le Grand Meaulnes", translated into English as "The lost domain".
001 0192122622@ Before looking at the MARC fields in detail, it is important to understand how the coding defines the data content. This is done by means of field enumerators which are composed of the following elements:
The role of the field enumerators is explained with reference to the preceding record.
Details001 0192122622@ 001 (the record identifier) is a unique number or combination of letters and numbers that serves to identify the record in a file. It is almost the only field not to have indicators.
010##$a0-19-212262-2$d?2.95@
020##$aUS$b59-12784@
1 2 3
012345678901234567890123456789012345
100## 19590202d1959####|||y0engy0103####ba@
This is a fixed-length field where the meaning of a character is dependent on its position. Hence the transcription above is preceded by numbers showing the character positions (cp).
1011#$aeng$cfre@
102##$aGB$ben@
105##$aac######000ay@
2001#$a{NSB}The {NSE}lost domain$fAlain-Fournier$gtranslated from the French by Frank
Davison$gafterword by John Fowles$gillustrated by Ian Beck@
210##$aOxford$cOxford University Press$d1959@
215##$aix,298p,10 leaves of plates$cill, col.port$d23cm@
311##$aTranslation of: Le Grand Meaulnes. Paris : Emile-Paul, 1913@
454#1$1001db140203$150010$a{NSB}Le {NSE}Grand Meaulnes$1700#0$aAlain-Fournier$f1886-
1914$1210##$aParis$cEmile-Paul$d1913@
50010$a{NSB}Le {NSE}Grand Meaulnes$mEnglish@
606##$aFrench fiction$2lc
676##$a843/.912$v19@
680##$aPQ2611.O85@
700#0$aAlain-Fournier,$f1886-1914@
702#1$aDavison,$bFrank@
801#0$aGB$bWE/N0A$c19590202$gAACR2@
98700$aNov.1959/209@ For an example of this record without the fields, subfields etc., see Displaying citations below. 5. Putting UNIMARC to workBibliographic records in the UNIMARC format are designed for use in automated library systems. Depending on the versatility of the system a range of related functions can be supported by manipulating the data. Two such functions are information retrieval and displaying citations.
Information retrievalIn the UNIMARC format each data element is identified for the purposes of information retrieval. Using computer software, it is possible to search on most of the MARC fields and subfields in the record. For example:
While each record in the UNIMARC format is a discrete entity, a catalogue consisting of many such records becomes a database enhanced with the capacity to respond to highly specific or comprehensive search strategies. The range of search options will, of course, depend on the kind of software employed. Displaying citationsUNIMARC offers a choice of formats for displaying records. Naturally, readers will not want to consult the full MARC record simply because the format is intended not for human perusal but for processing by computer. A sympathetic display for use by readers is the Catalogue card format: 843.912 (DC19)
Alain Fournier, 1886-1914 [Le Grand Meaulnes. English]. The lost domain / Alain-Fournier; translated from the French by Frank Davison; afterword by John Fowles; illustrated by Ian Beck. - Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1959. - ix,298p,10 leaves of plates; ill, col.port; 23cm Translation of: Le Grand Meaulnes. Paris : Emile-Paul, 1913 ISBN 0-19-212262-2: ?2.95 1.Ti 2.The lost domain 3.Davison, Frank 4.French fiction B59-20618 Pressmark: Nov.1959/209
This citation represents a card in the classified sequence, which will be filed under 843.912. The
second to last line shows the other headings under which the record will appear in a library catalogue, and the national bibliography number. The first tracing is an abbreviation for "Title". In this particular layout the author's name appears on a separate line above the title etc. With the exception of 7-- fields (which present problems and so need the cataloguer to put in the punctuation) most of the punctuation is supplied by the computer as it translates subfield codes into punctuation and typeface. 6. Maintaining UNIMARCThe interests of users of UNIMARC records are represented by the Permanent UNIMARC Committee (PUC), which plays an important role by acting as a focus for user views and reactions when amendments to UNIMARC are proposed. It does this on behalf of IFLA UBCIM, which is ultimately responsible for UNIMARC.7. UNIMARC AuthoritiesThe UNIMARC Authorities format is designed to allow an agency to hold in one place the authoritative form of name of an author, corporate body name etc., together with references from other forms of name. Such data is linked to a bibliographic record by subfield $3 (Authority record number) in fields in the 7-- block of the bibliographic format.The data can be embodied in the bibliographic record either at the time of creation or when a user views that record. There are three types of authority record, coded in the record label as "x" (authority entry record), "y" (reference entry record) and "z" (general explanatory entry record).
Structure of the UNIMARC Authorities format
Anatomy of UNIMARC authorities recordsThe following are two typical examples of simple records:
As both are similar, only the second will be explained: 001 B329638@ 001 is the record identifier 100## $a19810716aengy0103####ba@ The general processing data field has the same sort of structure as the bibliographic 100 field. It gives the date entered on the file (16th July 1981). The record is "a" established (i.e. not provisional). The language of cataloguing is English. The code "y" shows that no transliteration system was used. In the eight-position character set part "0103" shows that the basic Latin and the extended Latin sets were used; the four blanks show that no others were used. The script of cataloguing is the Latin alphabet ("ba"). 152## $aAACR2@ 152 is the Rules field. The record follows the Anglo-American cataloguing rules, 2nd edition. Such information is held in 801 $g in the bibliographic format. 200#1 $aInnes,$bMichael@ Since the field is for a personal author, the indicators and subfield codes follow field 700 in the bibliographic format. 500#1 $0For works written under his pseudonym see $aStewart,$bJ.I.M. $3A369875@ This is a "See also" reference for a personal author; so the indicators and subfield codes follow field 700 in the bibliographic format. This includes the $3, which holds the record number for the J.I.M Stewart heading. There is the addition of $0 (zero) for "Instruction phrase". 801#0 $aUK$bBL$c19810629@ Like the same field in the bibliographic format, this gives the country, institution and date of latest transaction for an originating agency (second indicator 0). 810## $aWho's who@ This field gives the source in which the data was found - in this case a biographical dictionary.
Other Authorities format fields
The other equivalents of the bibliographic 7-- fields are 210 Corporate or Meeting Name (as 71-), 215 Territorial or Geographic Name (as 71-), 220 Family Name (as 72-). Field 676 contains the Dewey Decimal classification number, as in the bibliographic format, but with the addition of subfield $c Explanatory terms.
250## $aParsley@ 250 is used for Topical subjects as headings (like 606 in the bibliographic format). When a document on the herb is about parsley as a plant, the class number should be 583.48; when it is about parsley as food, the class number should be 641.655. The 7-- block is used to hold a form of name in a different language or script.
In a library's German language catalogue the authoritative form for the geographic name "Switzerland" is the German one (A234566). But this entry is linked to similar ones in French and Italian. A reader searching for books on "Svizzera" will be shown those where the subject is "Schweiz". In a library where one language predominates, the authoritative form will be in that language, with "See" references (415 fields) from the name in other languages 8. Short bibliography8 Short bibliographyISBD(G) : General International Standard for Bibliographic Description .... - Revised ed. ; prepared by the ISBD Review Committee Working Group set up by the IFLA Committee on Cataloguing.- München, London, New York, Paris : K G Saur, 1992.ISO 1001-1986. File structure and labelling of magnetic tape for information interchange. ISO 2709-1981. Format for bibliographic information interchange on magnetic tape. UNIBASE : UNIMARC Demonstration Database. - Frankfurt : IFLA Universal Bibliographic Control and International MARC Programme, 1994. UNIMARC in Theory and Practice : Proceedings of the Workshop Held in Sydney, Australia, 1988. - London : IFLA Universal Bibliographic Control and International MARC Programme, 1989. (Available from K G Saur). UNIMARC/Authorities. - München, London, New York, Paris : K G Saur, 1991. UNIMARC/CCF : Proceedings of the Workshop Held in Florence, 5-7 June 1991. - München, London, New York, Paris : K G Saur, 1993. UNIMARC and CDS/ISIS: Proceedings of the Workshops Held in Budapest, 21-22 June 1993 and Barcelona, 26 August 1993.- München, London, New Providence, Paris : K G Saur, 1994. UNIMARC Manual : Bibliographic Format. - 2nd ed. - München, London, New Providence, Paris : K G Saur, 1994. 9. Glossary
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Latest Revision: March 3, 1999 |
Copyright © 1995-2000
International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions www.ifla.org | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() IFLA Universal Bibliographic Control and International MARC Core Programme (UBCIM)UNIMARC Guidelines no. 2Guidelines for Using UNIMARC for Microforms1999-05-01The following Guidelines indicate how the UNIMARC format is to be used when creating records for items which appear in the original hard copy publication and microreproduction forms. The focus here is on microforms, although the treatment of different kinds of reproduction would follow the same model. These Guidelines were developed under the auspices of the IFLA Universal Bibliographic Control and International MARC (UBCIM) Programme. They resulted from the three meetings of the IFLA Permanent UNIMARC Committee and the requirements put to the Committee by the European Register of Microform Masters (EROMM). At these meetings data elements used to describe microform masters were compiled and their placement in UNIMARC was determined. In some cases, new fields or content designators, or redefinition of the existing field appeared to be required. The additions to UNIMARC recommended in these Guidelines were submitted to the UNIMARC maintenance process. With the increasing use of UNIMARC for microforms and other media, requirements for additional data elements may be encountered. They should be brought to the attention of the IFLA UBCIM Programme Office. Reproduction of documents could be made for various reasons. One of the most important is the problem of preservation of library material. To record these reproductions in general and microforms in particular, it is necessary to establish standardized content designators which would encompass both the original and the reproduction(s) made from that original. These relations between the original hard copy publication and its microreproduction(s) have been specially considered in these Guidelines. The first section of the Guidelines indicates the models for encoding UNIMARC records for microforms. The second section lists the data elements commonly included in bibliographic descriptions of microforms and indicates where these data elements would be placed in a UNIMARC record. The Annex gives examples of full records for microforms. UNIMARC MODELOwing to different cataloguing rules used and to the bibliographic and preservation conditions in which bibliographic material appears, the UNIMARC format offers two basic models for recording microforms.
In the first model there is one record in which the original hard copy publication is described and another which is a copy of that record.
In the second model, the original hard copy document and its microform reproduction(s) are each described in separate records with fields characteristic to each type of bibliographic form with corresponding note respectively. See also Diagram. (1) cataloguing is based on the copies of the record for the original:
The bibliographic descriptions are based on the copies of the record for the original hard copy publication. The information pertaining to the microform reproduction(s), e.g. microfiche, microfilm, etc., is given in the copied record in the note field 325 Reproduction Note. Where there is more than one form of reproduction one record is created for each form (1.1). (1.1) multiple records using note field 325 Reproduction Note.
It is recommended to make as many copied records of the original with 325 note fields and/or optionally 130 coded data fields as there are different types of reproductions to be described, e.g., one for microfilm, another for microfiche, etc. (1.1.0 model). Example of the record for a microfilm reproduction: In model 1.1 there will also be a record for the original. In model 1.1.1 the following will be the only record.
Record Label: Character Positions & Values 5 6 7 8 = n a m 0 (1.2) multiple records using linking field(s) 456 Reproduced As. The following fields may optionally be included:
011 ISSN 130 CODED DATA FIELD: MICROFORMS 210 PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. 215 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION 225 SERIES It is recommended to make as many copied records for the original with 456 field as there are different types of reproductions to be described, e.g. one for microfilm, another for microfiche, etc. Model 1.2 example of the record for a microfilm reproduction: There will also be a record for the original.
Record Label: Character Positions & Values 5 6 7 8 = n a m 0 (2) Cataloguing is based on separate records for the original and microform reproduction(s): The original and the microform are catalogued separately in respective records according to appropriate ISBDs. Records are connected by: (2.1) note field 324 Original Version Note or 325 Reproduction Note. Example of original with 325:
Record Label: Character Positions & Values 5 6 7 8 = n a m 0 Example of microform with 324:
Record Label: Character Positions & Values 5 6 7 8 = n a m 0
(2.2) linking fields 455 Reproduction Of and 456 Reproduced As respectively with embedded 001 Record Identifier pointing to the corresponding record. 2.2 example of original with 456 field:
Record Label: Character Positions & Values 5 6 7 8 = n a m 0 2.2 example of microform with 455
Record Label: Character Positions & Values 5 6 7 8 = n a m 0 DATA ELEMENTSThe following data elements are needed to support access to and displays of the original hard copy publication and microform record(s).ISBD elements given in the left column of the original hard copy publication specification follow ISBD(G), since various types of material could be reproduced in microform. ISBD(NBM) elements are given in the left column of the microform specification. The UNIMARC content designation (tags, subfields, etc.) for each data element specified is given in the right column. In addition any other elements from UNIMARC may be used in a record or records for original and a microform. See Annex for full examples of records. The data elements that are used to describe the original hard copy publication are listed first, followed by those pertaining to its reproduction, i.e. microform. Original hard copy publication
UNIMARC: MICROFORM PUBLICATIONS
ANNEX
Examples are given of:
| ||||||||||||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||
| Latest Revision: August 17, 1999 |
Copyright © 1995-2000
International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions www.ifla.org | |||||||||||||||||||
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() IFLA Universal Bibliographic Control and International MARC Core Programme (UBCIM)UNIMARC Guidelines no. 3Guidelines for Using UNIMARC for Older Monographic Publications (ANTIQUARIAN)1998-04-30The following Guidelines illustrate how the UNIMARC format can be used when creating records for older monographic publications (antiquarian).
These Guidelines were developed under the auspices of the IFLA Universal
Bibliographic Control and International MARC (UBCIM) Programme. They resulted
from the meetings of the IFLA Permanent UNIMARC Committee and the requirements
of the International Standard Bibliographic Description of Older Monographic
Publications (Antiquarian). At these meetings data elements used to describe
older monographic publications were compiled and their placement in UNIMARC
was determined. In some cases, new fields or content designators, or redefinition
of the existing field appeared to be required. The additions to UNIMARC
recommended in these Guidelines were submitted to the UNIMARC maintenance
process. With the increasing use of UNIMARC for older monographic publications,
requirements for additional data elements may be encountered. They should
be brought to the attention of the IFLA UBCIM Programme Office. Older monographic publications are chiefly those produced prior to the
introduction of machine printing in the nineteenth century and include
those published for limited distribution or for sale on demand. Later publications
produced by hand or by methods continuing the tradition of the hand-produced
book may also be treated by the same standards (ISBD(A) definition). The
use of these Guidelines, however, is not restricted to monographic publications
only, but provides instruction for description of different types of publications
that are produced during the hand press era.
To record antiquarian publications, it is necessary to establish standardized
content designators that would encompass special characteristics of this
type of publication. These characteristics, like the distinction between
ideal copy and copy specific information as well as treatment of 'artificial'
collections and multi-volume publications, have been specially considered
in these Guidelines. The first section of the Guidelines indicates the model for encoding UNIMARC records for older monographic publications in particular. Other types of publications may follow the same model with additional coding of their own material specific information. It describes the treatment of (1) the ideal copy or perfect copy and imperfect copy, (2) 'Artificial' collections, and (3) Multi-volume publications. The next section lists the data elements commonly included in bibliographic descriptions of antiquarian publications and indicates where these data elements would be placed in a UNIMARC record. The last section gives full record examples. UNIMARC MODELDue to specific printing and distribution conditions of the hand press
era (alterations during printing, special dedication copies, the presence
of cancel leaves, etc.) and the historical conditions (manuscript notes
on title page or margins, bound leaves and items, provenance notes like
book-plates, author's and/or owner's autographs, etc.) that may not apply
to all copies of the same edition, UNIMARC format offers models for recording
these peculiarities. (1) The ideal copy or perfect copy and imperfect
copy ISBD(A) is concerned with the description of perfect copies of library
materials. In the situations where no ideal copy is available an imperfect
copy is to be catalogued with the help of a bibliographic description for
the complete example, if one can be found. The imperfections and other
peculiar characteristics must be described in notes relating to the copy
in hand. However, when no description of a complete copy can be found,
the imperfect copy must be described according to the provisions of ISBD(A).
In this latter case, there is no impact on UNIMARC tagging scheme. Copy specific information is provided in the following note fields: 316 Note Relating to the Copy in Hand Subfield $5 Institution to Which the Field Applies is added
to these fields to identify the institution processing the copy, and also
the specific copy, if the institution has more than one. The following
fields when present must also include subfield $5: 012 Fingerprint Identifier Additionally, the following fields may optionally include subfield
$5: 702 Personal Name - Secondary Intellectual Responsibility General coded data information on the ideal copy is recorded in 140 Coded Data Field: Antiquarian - General. Example: There are three copies of Dictionarium ... by Faust Vrancic in
the National and University Library, Zagreb, formerly owned by well known
Croats. The copy 'a' ('primj. a' in the example) is well preserved, while
two others lack pages and need restoration. 001 940510150 Due to various publishing, historical and personal conditions it is
often the case that volumes in libraries' special collections contain items
bound in the so-called 'artificial' or 'random' collection. Each item was
originally printed/published separately and is thus considered a separate
bibliographic item that must be described in a separate bibliographic record.
The link between bibliographic items, i.e. records is recorded in fields 481 Also Bound in this Volume and The record containing the description of the first item in the 'artificial'
collection includes field 481 Also Bound in this Volume. This field contains
a link from the first item to each item after the first in that collection.
There can be as many repeated fields as there are other items bound to
the first one. Records containing the description of the other items in
the 'artificial' collection include field 482 Bound With. This field contains
a link from each item after the first in an 'artificial' collection to
the first item in that collection. It is repeatable only if the copies
of the item described in the record are bound in more than one 'artificial'
collection. The 481/482 fields contain the 001 Record Identifier of the record containing
full description of the item bound in the 'artificial' collection and bibliographic
data of that item relevant to its identification. The choice of two options
described below depends on the practice of the agency creating the record. Note! The examples in this section have been intentionally simplified
by the omission of many fields which would normally be found in the records.
Only those fields which are needed to explain the recommended technique
and the differences between the options are shown here. Option 1: Bibliographic data describing each item after the first in an 'artificial' collection is carried in field 316 Note Relating to the Copy in Hand in the record for the first item, beginning with the standard phrase: 'Also bound in this volume:' (or equivalent in other languages). Bibliographic data describing the first item is similarly carried in the 316 field in the record for each other item, beginning with the standard phrase 'Bound with:' (or equivalent). 481/482 linking fields contain embedded fields 001 Record Identifier
pointing to the corresponding records and 200$a Title Proper with $5 Institution
to Which the Field Applies for the identification of the institution which
possesses a particular copy containing the bound item. The linking fields
have Indicator 2 set to '0' to indicate that a note should not be generated
from them. (The notes are in the 316 fields.)
Example: There are two copies of Missale Romanum Slavonico idiomate in
the National and University Library, Zagreb. Copy 'a' has two bound items
Ordo et canon missae and Appendix ad missale Romano-slavonicum,
while copy 'b' does not. Record 1 Record 2 Record 3 Option 2: The 481 linking field in the record for the first item in an 'artificial' collection contains embedded 001 Record Identifier and content designated data for each item after the first, and the 482 linking fields in the records for the later items have similar embedded 001 Record Identifier and content designated data pointing back to the first item. These linking fields have Indicator 2 set to '1' to indicate that Notes Relating to the Copy in Hand should be generated from them. These notes should begin with the standard phrases 'Also bound in this volume:' (for the first item) and 'Bound with' (for the other items) (or equivalents in other languages). The following fields for recording data may optionally be included: 012 Fingerprint Identifier The field 200 Title and Statement of Responsibility should have subfield
$5 Institution to Which the Field Applies to indicate the institution which
possesses a particular copy containing the bound item.
Example: There are two copies of Missale Romanum Slavonico idiomate
in the National and University Library, Zagreb. Copy 'a' has two bound
items Ordo et canon missae and Appendix ad
missale Romano-slavonicum, while copy 'b' does not. Record 1 Record 2 Record 3 Owing to different cataloguing practices and machine-readable formats
multi-volume publications are catalogued either as one volume publication
or as separate bibliographic items. In this latter case multi-level cataloguing
with hierarchically linked records are often used. In the case of antiquarian
publications multi-level cataloguing is recommended. In this way all peculiarities
of the antiquarian publications that are copy specific can be recorded. Example: Clavis Scripturae S. ... by Matija Vlacic Ilirik
catalogued in hierarchically linked multi-level records. It is a two volume
publication issued in one physical volume. Record 1 Record 2 Record 3 DATA ELEMENTSThe following data elements are needed to support access to and displays of the antiquarian publications.ISBD(G) elements are given first in the left column since cataloguer will need to refer to several ISBDs when the item for description exhibits the characteristics described in other ISBDs, such as ISBD(NBM), ISBD(PM), ISBD(CM), ISBD(M) and ISBD(S). ISBD(A) elements, which follow, are given in the left column of the older monographic publications specification. The UNIMARC content designation (tags, subfields, etc.) for each data
element specified is given in the right column. In addition any other elements
from UNIMARC may be used in a record or records for antiquarian materials. Provisions for various types of publications
FULL RECORD EXAMPLESEx 1A copy of sermons by Roberto Caracciolo in the National and University Library, Zagreb lacks leaves 1-2 and 96-104. Bibliographic description is made according to the colophon of the 1981 reprint of the copy of Korizmenak' held by the Croatian Academy of Arts and Sciences. 001 920701135 Ex 2 001 8014223678 Ex 3 Record 1 Record 2 Ex 4 Record 1 Record 2
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Latest Revision: August 17, 1999 |
Copyright © 1995-2000
International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions www.ifla.org | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() IFLA Universal Bibliographic Control and International MARC Core Programme (UBCIM)UNIMARC Guidelines no. 4UNIMARC Minimal Level Record1999-02-10INTRODUCTION This Guideline specifies a Minimal Level Record for use with the UNIMARC Bibliographic Format. UNIMARC specifies very few data elements as MANDATORY in a UNIMARC record. A record with only those data elements is marginally useful for bibliographic control purposes. The Minimal Level content specified in this Guideline is targeted at creating a record that can be used for general bibliographic control. In addition to these data elements, others can always be included in a record that is considered less-than-full, depending on the type of material and the use of the record. The MANDATORY data elements specified by UNIMARC are the following:
001 Record Identifier Conventions used in the following lists The listing is divided into two parts. Part 1 contains the basic fields that are generally common to all forms of material. Part 2 contains minimal requirements for fields used for special forms of material, such as serial, projected, and cartographic items. The following codes are used to indicate the requirements for each data element:
M = Mandatory (for all minimal level records) All indicator positions are mandatory if the field occurs. All character positions in fixed length fields must have values. Where the character position is not mandatory, the value may be the fill character. Many data elements usually occur with only one special form of material, e.g. map scale coordinates with cartographic material, thus many data elements are marked as mandatory if applicable. Code A means both if applicable to the item being catalogued and if available when the source document (e.g. catalogue card) has limited information. PART 1: ALL MATERIAL
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Latest Revision: August 17, 1999 |
Copyright © 1995-2000
International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions www.ifla.org | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() IFLA Universal Bibliographic Control and International MARC Core Programme (UBCIM)UNIMARC Guidelines no. 5Multi-level Description: Encoding Options for UNIMARC1999-02-02
1 INTRODUCTIONThis guideline illustrates how an agency may encode multi-level description using the UNIMARC format. Many bibliographic items, both print and non-print, are issued in multiple parts. The individual items in the set may or may not have sequential designations and/or significant titles. The characteristics of the individual volume often determine the possibilities for the cataloguing agency for cataloguing and shelving the items in the set, and, in turn, the cataloguing treatment will influence the encoding of the cataloguing in a MARC record. Thus there are several options for encoding, all valid in UNIMARC. These options give agencies the flexibility to describe multipart items to the degree the characteristics, cataloguing rules, and agency policies will permit.A multipart item is a group of physically separate bibliographic items identified by a common title. It includes series, serials, made-up collections, and multivolume monographs. In UNIMARC the term SET is used for these items and in the following discussion SET will be used to stand for any type of multipart item. 2 UNIMARC MODELS FOR MULTIPART ITEM RECORDSIn the schematic options for records describing multipart items, the following conventions are used. While the bibliographic items are expressed in terms of volumes, the individual items in the set could be in any format. The parts of the model multipart item are designated as follows:
Collective title - represents the general title for the set < > - encloses references to a type of data rather than data itself Examples containing 4-- fields have alternative versions - one using $1 (one), the other with standard subfields. e.g. 461 #0 $0N34900
$1001N34900 Either method may be used. Note that a 4-- field containing only a RID is not acceptable for exchange purposes. Option 1 Under this option a record is made for the set, with no references in it to the names or sequential designations of the individual items in the set (Record 1). The number of items in the set is indicated in field 215 (Physical Description) if the set is complete. Separate records (Records 2-n) are made for each item in the set, with the title of each item carried in field 200, subfield $a, of each record. Either field 225 (Series) and/or field 410 (Series) for series or field 461 (Set Level) for monographs must be in the records for the individual titles to carry the information about the collective title. Inclusion of the RID of Record 1 in the records for the individual volumes is optional. Option 1 is primarily used when the volumes have individual titles and the titles are significant thus stand alone well.
Option 2 Under this option a record is made for the set, with no references in it to the names or sequential designations of the individual items in the set (Record 1). The number of items in the set is indicated in field 215 (Physical Description) if the set is complete. Separate records (Records 2-n) are made for each item in the set, with the collective title carried in field 200, subfield $a, of the record and the sequential designation and title of individual items carried in the $h and $i subfields, respectively. An agency, however, may not require that a separate record be created for the collective title in Option 2 if links are not needed for individual items in the set. Inclusion of the RID of Record 1 in the records for the individual volumes is optional. Option 2 is primarily used when the volumes have individual titles but the titles are not significant thus do not stand alone well.
Option 3 Under this option a record is made for the set, with a note that provides information about the individual items in the set. The number of items in the set is indicated in the 215 field if the set is complete. Separate records are not made for each item in the set. Option 3 is used for a variety of situations: sets with non-significant titles or without individual titles, retrospective conversion of set records, items classed and shelved together as a set, finite collective sets, etc.
Mixture of Components of Options The three options presented above are intended to be indicative. There are a number of system reasons that an institution would want, for example, to give the author and collective title or the author and individual title in distinct added entries, even though Option 2 is used. There are also often cataloguing rules that require certain elements to be explicitly in a record in particular situations, even if the machine environment does not require the extra field(s) for satisfactory retrieval. Sharing records may add a need to carry some information explicitly and redundantly to make records suitable for all types of possible system. Systems responsible for a national bibliography may also have different requirements to maintain the integrity of annual or other defined subsets of national bibliography records. 3 BRIEF RECORD EXAMPLESThe following partial records are incomplete but sufficient to illustrate the various options. Because of limitations in the character set, the conventions of the UNIMARC Manual cannot be used: ˘¶NSB˘¶ and ˘¶NSE˘¶ have been used to represent ISO 6630 Bibliographic Control Set positions 08/08 and 08/09 respectively.EXAMPLE 1: Multivolume monograph (Example from ISBD(M))
Collective set: The lord of the rings / J.R.R. Tolkien Option 1
Record 1
Record 2
Record 3
Record 4 Sample Display (of data selected from above records): The lord of the rings / J.R.R. Tolkien - [Authorised ed.] / with a new foreword by the author - New York : Ballantine Books, 1965-1973 - 3 vol. : ill., maps.; 18 cm - (Paperback)
The fellowship of the ring : being the first part of The lord of the
rings - 1965 - 527 p. : ill., maps ; 18 cm Option 2
Record 1
Record 2
Record 3
Record 4 Sample display:
The lord of the rings / J.R.R. Tolkien - [Authorised ed.] / with a
new foreword by the author - New York : Ballantine Books, 1965-1973 -
3 vol. : ill., maps.; 18 cm - (Paperback) Option 3
001 N34900 Sample Display:
The lord of the rings / J.R.R. Tolkien - [Authorised ed.] / with a
new foreword by the author - New York : Ballantine Books, 1965-1973 -
3 vol. : ill., maps.; 18 cm - (Paperback) EXAMPLE 2: Part contained in a series
Collective set: Zarnea G. Tractat de microbiologie
generala.--Bucuresti, 1987- Option 1
Record 1
Record 4 Option 2
Record 1
Record 4 Option 3
001 100598 EXAMPLE 3: Part contained in a subseries of a series
Collective set: World animal health/Office international des
epizooties -- Paris, 1991- Option 1
Record 1
Record 7
Record 25 Option 2
Records 1 and 7 are as in Option 1 Option 3
200 1# $aWorld animal health$fOffice international des epizooties
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Latest Revision: May 25, 1999 |
Copyright © 1995-2000
International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions www.ifla.org | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() IFLA Universal Bibliographic Control and International MARC Core Programme (UBCIM)UNIMARC Guidelines no. 5Multi-level Description: Encoding Options for UNIMARC1999-02-02
1 INTRODUCTIONThis guideline illustrates how an agency may encode multi-level description using the UNIMARC format. Many bibliographic items, both print and non-print, are issued in multiple parts. The individual items in the set may or may not have sequential designations and/or significant titles. The characteristics of the individual volume often determine the possibilities for the cataloguing agency for cataloguing and shelving the items in the set, and, in turn, the cataloguing treatment will influence the encoding of the cataloguing in a MARC record. Thus there are several options for encoding, all valid in UNIMARC. These options give agencies the flexibility to describe multipart items to the degree the characteristics, cataloguing rules, and agency policies will permit.A multipart item is a group of physically separate bibliographic items identified by a common title. It includes series, serials, made-up collections, and multivolume monographs. In UNIMARC the term SET is used for these items and in the following discussion SET will be used to stand for any type of multipart item. 2 UNIMARC MODELS FOR MULTIPART ITEM RECORDSIn the schematic options for records describing multipart items, the following conventions are used. While the bibliographic items are expressed in terms of volumes, the individual items in the set could be in any format. The parts of the model multipart item are designated as follows:
Collective title - represents the general title for the set < > - encloses references to a type of data rather than data itself Examples containing 4-- fields have alternative versions - one using $1 (one), the other with standard subfields. e.g. 461 #0 $0N34900
$1001N34900 Either method may be used. Note that a 4-- field containing only a RID is not acceptable for exchange purposes. Option 1 Under this option a record is made for the set, with no references in it to the names or sequential designations of the individual items in the set (Record 1). The number of items in the set is indicated in field 215 (Physical Description) if the set is complete. Separate records (Records 2-n) are made for each item in the set, with the title of each item carried in field 200, subfield $a, of each record. Either field 225 (Series) and/or field 410 (Series) for series or field 461 (Set Level) for monographs must be in the records for the individual titles to carry the information about the collective title. Inclusion of the RID of Record 1 in the records for the individual volumes is optional. Option 1 is primarily used when the volumes have individual titles and the titles are significant thus stand alone well.
Option 2 Under this option a record is made for the set, with no references in it to the names or sequential designations of the individual items in the set (Record 1). The number of items in the set is indicated in field 215 (Physical Description) if the set is complete. Separate records (Records 2-n) are made for each item in the set, with the collective title carried in field 200, subfield $a, of the record and the sequential designation and title of individual items carried in the $h and $i subfields, respectively. An agency, however, may not require that a separate record be created for the collective title in Option 2 if links are not needed for individual items in the set. Inclusion of the RID of Record 1 in the records for the individual volumes is optional. Option 2 is primarily used when the volumes have individual titles but the titles are not significant thus do not stand alone well.
Option 3 Under this option a record is made for the set, with a note that provides information about the individual items in the set. The number of items in the set is indicated in the 215 field if the set is complete. Separate records are not made for each item in the set. Option 3 is used for a variety of situations: sets with non-significant titles or without individual titles, retrospective conversion of set records, items classed and shelved together as a set, finite collective sets, etc.
Mixture of Components of Options The three options presented above are intended to be indicative. There are a number of system reasons that an institution would want, for example, to give the author and collective title or the author and individual title in distinct added entries, even though Option 2 is used. There are also often cataloguing rules that require certain elements to be explicitly in a record in particular situations, even if the machine environment does not require the extra field(s) for satisfactory retrieval. Sharing records may add a need to carry some information explicitly and redundantly to make records suitable for all types of possible system. Systems responsible for a national bibliography may also have different requirements to maintain the integrity of annual or other defined subsets of national bibliography records. 3 BRIEF RECORD EXAMPLESThe following partial records are incomplete but sufficient to illustrate the various options. Because of limitations in the character set, the conventions of the UNIMARC Manual cannot be used: ˘¶NSB˘¶ and ˘¶NSE˘¶ have been used to represent ISO 6630 Bibliographic Control Set positions 08/08 and 08/09 respectively.EXAMPLE 1: Multivolume monograph (Example from ISBD(M))
Collective set: The lord of the rings / J.R.R. Tolkien Option 1
Record 1
Record 2
Record 3
Record 4 Sample Display (of data selected from above records): The lord of the rings / J.R.R. Tolkien - [Authorised ed.] / with a new foreword by the author - New York : Ballantine Books, 1965-1973 - 3 vol. : ill., maps.; 18 cm - (Paperback)
The fellowship of the ring : being the first part of The lord of the
rings - 1965 - 527 p. : ill., maps ; 18 cm Option 2
Record 1
Record 2
Record 3
Record 4 Sample display:
The lord of the rings / J.R.R. Tolkien - [Authorised ed.] / with a
new foreword by the author - New York : Ballantine Books, 1965-1973 -
3 vol. : ill., maps.; 18 cm - (Paperback) Option 3
001 N34900 Sample Display:
The lord of the rings / J.R.R. Tolkien - [Authorised ed.] / with a
new foreword by the author - New York : Ballantine Books, 1965-1973 -
3 vol. : ill., maps.; 18 cm - (Paperback) EXAMPLE 2: Part contained in a series
Collective set: Zarnea G. Tractat de microbiologie
generala.--Bucuresti, 1987- Option 1
Record 1
Record 4 Option 2
Record 1
Record 4 Option 3
001 100598 EXAMPLE 3: Part contained in a subseries of a series
Collective set: World animal health/Office international des
epizooties -- Paris, 1991- Option 1
Record 1
Record 7
Record 25 Option 2
Records 1 and 7 are as in Option 1 Option 3
200 1# $aWorld animal health$fOffice international des epizooties
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Latest Revision: May 25, 1999 |
Copyright © 1995-2000
International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions www.ifla.org | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() IFLA Universal Bibliographic Control and International MARC Core Programme (UBCIM)UNIMARC Guidelines no. 6Electronic Resources2000-08-22
1 INTRODUCTIONThe following Guideline shows how the UNIMARC format is to be used when creating records for electronic resources. This Guideline was developed under the auspices of the IFLA Universal Bibliographic Control and International MARC (UBCIM) Programme. It results from meetings of the IFLA Permanent UNIMARC Committee and the requirements of the International Standard Bibliographic Description for Electronic Resources, ISBD(ER). At these meetings data elements used to describe electronic resources were compiled and their location in UNIMARC was determined.Besides additional fields or content designators redefinition of existing fields may prove necessary in the future. As a result of the publication of ISBD(ER) certain changes were made to the UNIMARC Manual. Owing to the increasing use of UNIMARC for electronic resources and other non-book material and media, requirements for yet additional data may be encountered. They should be brought to the attention of the IFLA UBCIM Programme Office. Section 2 of the Guideline indicates the general model for encoding UNIMARC records for electronic resources. The following section lists data elements commonly included in bibliographic descriptions of electronic resources and indicates where each data element would be placed in a UNIMARC record. Section 4 gives examples of full records for electronic resources. This version of the Guideline takes account of the expansion of field 135, details of which were published in the UNIMARC Manual Update 3. The new values (from character position 2 onwards) are also described in MARC 21 Bibliographic field 007 for computer files on http://lcweb.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/ecbd007s.html#mrcb007c 2 UNIMARC MODEL FOR ELECTRONIC RESOURCESThe UNIMARC bibliographic format contains data elements for the specification, description and identification of electronic resources. Electronic resources consist of materials that are computer-controlled, including materials that require the use of a peripheral attached to a computer. That includes two types of resources:
Electronic resources are treated in two ways depending on whether access is local or remote:
As it is the case with other materials, cataloguing and bibliographic description of electronic resources is based on the item. The UNIMARC record for an electronic resource therefore does not differ in general from the structure of UNIMARC record for other materials. The data necessary for the bibliographic description may be taken from the following sources in order of preference:
Some electronic resources may share characteristics with other types of documents, e.g. an electronic serial (Example 6). In these cases other ISBDs may need to be consulted as well. "...ISBD (ER), page 2, gives two options for cataloguing electronic resources which share the characteristics of another form: one is to catalogue the item as an electronic resource and add details of the additional characteristics; the other is to catalogue the item following the rules of the other relevant ISBD and add the electronic resource details. In the case of a digitised map, the first option would lead to a catalogue record with a character position 6 of 'l'; the record would describe the item as an electronic resource with additional coded fields and notes giving the cartographic details. The second option would lead to a catalogue record with a character position 6 of 'e'; the record would describe the item as a map with additional coded fields and notes giving those details applicable to the electronic resource."- UNIMARC Manual, Record label (as amended in Update 3). 3 DATA ELEMENTS AND UNIMARC LOCATIONSAny applicable UNIMARC field or subfield may be used for the description of electronic resources. The following data elements are frequently required to support access to and display of electronic resources. In addition any other data elements from UNIMARC may be used in a record for an electronic resource.
The following table shows the data elements prescribed by ISBD(ER) for the bibliographic description of electronic resources and the corresponding locations in UNIMARC and other important bibliographic information for the bibliographic description of electronic resources:
4 FULL RECORD EXAMPLESExample 1: Computer program on CD ROM
Notes: 200$b At present the relevant Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules GMD is "computer file". The Joint Steering Committee for Revision of AACR has recommended that "electronic resource" be adopted instead. 304 Mandatory field (Source of title proper) not present in original. Example 2: Computer program on a diskette
Notes: 304 Mandatory field (Source of title proper) not present in original. Example 3: Computer program and data on a CD
Example 4: Computer program on diskettes (software)
Notes: 200$b At present the relevant Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules GMD is "computer file". The Joint Steering Committee for Revision of AACR has recommended that "electronic resource" be adopted instead. Example 5: Electronic document on diskettes
Example 6: Record for a serial publication
Notes: 304 Mandatory field (Source of title proper) not present in original. Example 7: Multimedia, incl. Electronic resources on CD-ROM
Notes: 304 Mandatory field (Source of title proper) not present in original. Example 8: Serial publication on CD-ROM
Notes: 304 Mandatory field (Source of title proper) not present in original. Example 9: Multimedia, incl. electronic resources on CD-ROMs
Notes: 200$b ISBD(ER) states that the GMD is optional.
Record for one item in the series above
Notes: 200$b ISBD(ER) states that the GMD is optional. 304 Mandatory field (Source of title proper) not present in original. Example 10: Remotely accessed electronic document on the Internet
Notes: 200$b At present the relevant Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules GMD is "computer file". The Joint Steering Committee for Revision of AACR has recommended that "electronic resource" be adopted instead. 300 Source of title proper placed in general notes in MARC 21 records (MARC 21 field 500) so has been converted to UNIMARC general notes field 300 not to field 304. Example 11: Remotely accessed electronic document on the Internet
Notes: 200$b At present the relevant Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules GMD is "computer file". The Joint Steering Committee for Revision of AACR has recommended that "electronic resource" be adopted instead. Example 12: Remotely accessed electronic journal on the Internet
Notes: 200$b At present the relevant Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules GMD is "computer file". The Joint Steering Committee for Revision of AACR has recommended that "electronic resource" be adopted instead. 300 The online file contains a facsimile of the printed title page. Example 13: Remotely accessed electronic document on the Internet
Notes: 200$b At present the relevant Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules GMD is "computer file". The Joint Steering Committee for Revision of AACR has recommended that "electronic resource" be adopted instead. 300 Source of title proper placed in general notes in MARC 21 records (MARC 21 field 500) so has been converted to UNIMARC general notes field 300 not to field 304. 856/2 $u: The space between "gutenberg/" and "extext" in the URL has been added for text formatting purposes only. It is not intrinsic to the URL and must be deleted before searching. Example 14: Multimedia computer files on a CD-ROM
Notes: 200$b ISBD(ER) states that the GMD is optional. 304 Mandatory field (Source of title proper) not present in original. Example 15: Computer programs and graphic computer files on a CD-ROM and a diskette
Notes:
Example 16: Computer program on a CD-ROM
Notes:
Example 17: Remotely accessed document on the Internet Record for ER series
Record for the item in the series above
990330001#########00000nlm2#2200000
Example 18: Serial Publication on CD-ROM
Notes: 200$b ISBD(ER) states that the GMD is optional. Example 19: Electronic map and program
Notes: 200$b ISBD(ER) states that the GMD is optional. Example 20: Presentation of the Archive of Republic of Slovenia collections on a CD-ROM
Notes: Example 21: An electronic online journal, linked to its printed and CR-ROM versions
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Latest Revision: September 6, 2000 |
Copyright © 1995-2000
International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions www.ifla.org | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||